Speaking &
Teaching
Conference sessions, keynotes, webinars, and invited teaching for EMS, fire, rescue, and trauma audiences across the United States and abroad.
Upcoming appearances
Confirmed conference sessions and ongoing training engagements. Times are Eastern.















General sessions
- 2026Good Enough Is Not Good EnoughMetro Atlanta EMS Conference · Marietta, GA
- 2025Good Enough Is Not Good EnoughPrimary Assessment Conference · Lake Placid, NY
- 2025Taking It Home, closing presentationEMS Week Symposium, Parkland Medical Center and Derry Fire Department · Derry, NH
- 2023Ben Franklin: His Lessons for 21st Century Emergency ServicesSeven Mountains EMS · State College, PA
- 2023Perspiration and Inspiration: You’ve Got to Love This JobWhite Horse EMS Education · Lancaster, PA
- 2022Perspiration and Inspiration: You’ve Got to Love This JobGeorgia EMS Conference · Jekyll Island, GA
- 2022Good Enough Is Not Good EnoughKEMSA · Mulvane, KS
- 2021What They RememberTri-State Emergency Responder Conference · Dubuque, IA
- 2020The Strength Within Us, opening keynoteEMS Today · Tampa, FL
Programs delivered most
- 11The Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with Capnography
- 8Good Enough Is Not Good Enough, three times as a keynote
- 8The Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines
- 8Educator tips sessions, including 60 Educator Tips in 60 Minutes
- 7Don’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem Students
- 7Debriefing for Real-World Learning
- 7Extrication and EMS
Recurring hosts include EMS World Expo and FDIC International every year from 2021 to 2026, the Lake Placid Initial and Primary Assessment Conference, EMS PRO at Foxwoods, the Connecticut Fire Department Instructors’ Association, and EMS conferences in Alaska, Kansas, and Pennsylvania.
Speaking history, 2021 to 2027
Conference sessions, webinars, and invited teaching, newest first. Repeat deliveries of the same program at one event are listed once.
20271 session
- Apr 2027FDIC InternationalIndianapolis, INManagement of Alternative Fuel Vehicle EmergenciesScheduled
202623 sessions
- Nov 2026Alaska EMS ConferenceAnchorage, AKMass Casualty Incidents: Lessons Learned from Storms, School Buses & September 11thScheduledDon’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem StudentsScheduledEMS and TBI: Immediate Field Care for High-Impact Head InjuriesScheduledStroke in the Very Young: Big Numbers for Little PeopleScheduled
- Sep 2026EMS World ExpoOrlando, FLMass Casualty Incidents: Lessons Learned from Storms, School Buses & September 11th60 Educator Tips in 60 MinutesIt’s NOT Always Sepsis: A Common-Sense Approach for ALS and BLS Providers
- Sep 2026NAEMT World Trauma SymposiumOrlando, FLTrauma Patient Extrication
- Aug 2026Invited teachingOnlineAdult Learning Principles and EMS Education
- Aug 2026South Texas Advanced Symposium on Trauma, Critical Care, and Emergency General SurgeryMcAllen, TXApplication of Guidance for the Management of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
- Jul 2026Midwest Trauma ConferenceOnlineSummertime Trauma Vibes
- Jul 2026HANYS Sepsis CollaborativeOnlineEMS Sepsis: Early Identification, Treatment, Management, and HandoffWebinar
- May 2026Primary Assessment Conference (PAC)Lake Placid, NYThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with CapnographyEMS: What Needs to Be Addressed and What Can We Fix First?PanelThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines & Controversies and How to Read Past Them for the Real StoryIt’s NOT Always Sepsis: A Common-Sense Approach for ALS & BLS Providers
- Apr 2026FDIC InternationalIndianapolis, INMore Than Just Batteries: Universal Steps to Calls Involving Alternative Fuel Vehicles
- Feb 2026Metro Atlanta EMS ConferenceMarietta, GAGood Enough Is Not Good EnoughKeynoteThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with Capnography
- Jan 2026Connecticut Fire Academy Winter Fire SchoolConnecticut60 Educator Tips in 60 Minutes: Top Tips with No Time WastedDebriefing for Real-World Learning: It’s Not Just for Simulations AnymoreDon’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem Students
202529 sessions
- Oct 2025Hebron Fire Protection District EMS RefresherOnlineHot Controversies in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest: What Do the Experts Say?Super Sick Kids: The Surprising Truth About Pediatric Septic Shock
- Nov 2025Sepsis Alliance ConnectOnlineEmergency Preparedness
- Oct 2025EMS World ExpoIndianapolis, INThe Educator’s Guide to Debriefing for Daily Performance Improvement60 Educator Tips in 60 Minutes: Rapid-Fire Strategies to Elevate Your EMS InstructionRethinking Pediatric Trauma: Circulation Comes First
- Sep 2025Clarkson UniversityOnlineTraumatic Cardiac Arrest Update
- Sep 2025LexipolOnlineTraining for the Right Risk in FireWebinar
- Jul 2025Nebraska State EMS ConferenceKearney, NEAdvanced Practices for Basic Ventilations: More Effective Uses for Fundamental ToolsGood Enough Is Not Good EnoughThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with CapnographySynthetic Street Drug Update: Uncontrolled Patients on Controlled SubstancesThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines: And How to Read Past Them for the Real Story
- May 2025EMS Week Symposium: Parkland Medical Center and Derry Fire DepartmentDerry, NHHot Controversies in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest: What Do the Experts Say?Super Sick Kids: The Surprising Truth About Pediatric Septic ShockTaking It HomeClosingThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with Capnography
- May 2025Primary Assessment ConferenceLake Placid, NYDon’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem StudentsWhat They Didn’t Teach You About AnaphylaxisAdvanced Practices for “Basic” Ventilation: More Effective Uses for Fundamental ToolsGood Enough Is Not Good EnoughKeynotePediatric Cardiac Arrest: What We Got Wrong. How Can We Do Better?Synthetic Street Drug Update 2024: Managing Uncontrolled Patients on Controlled Substances
- Apr 2025WebinarOnlineMcSwain Trauma WebinarWebinar
- Apr 2025FDIC InternationalIndianapolis, INExtrication and EMS: Coordinating Rescue and Clinical Care
- Feb 2025Clarkson University CME SeriesOnlineThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with Capnography
- Jan 2025Connecticut Fire Department Instructors’ AssociationNew Britain, CTFive-Step Focus on FeedbackIncorporating Critical Thinking into Everyday Education Programs
202420 sessions
- Nov 2024Vermont EMS LeadershipOnlineDebriefing for Real-World Learning: It’s Not Just for Simulations Anymore
- Nov 2024Alaska EMS ConferenceAnchorage, AKSepsis UpdateThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines: And How to Read Past Them for the Real StoryWhat They Didn’t Teach You About Anaphylaxis
- Oct 2024South Dakota EMS ConferenceSpearfish, SDPediatric Cardiac Arrest: What We Get Wrong. How We Can Do BetterMarching Towards Death: Myth Busting & Innovation in Trauma Care: Fluid Resuscitation
- Oct 2024Fire / EMS PROFoxwoods, Ledyard, CTMore Than Just Batteries: Universal Steps to Calls Involving Alternative Fuel Vehicles
- Oct 2024Rhode Island Trauma ConferenceWarwick, RITrauma Care in Geriatric Patients
- Sep 2024RITCOnlinePanelPanel
- Sep 2024EMS World ExpoLas Vegas, NV60 Top Educator Tips in 60 Minutes
- Aug 2024KEMSAManhattan, KSHot Controversies in Traumatic Cardiac Arrest: What Do the Experts Say?It’s NOT Always Sepsis: A Common-Sense Approach for ALS and BLS Providers
- Jun 2024Trauma CareOnlineMass Casualty Incidents: First Due Lessons Learned from Storms, School Buses & September 11thWebinar
- Jun 2024EMS1 / LexipolOnlineSepsis Research UpdateWebinar
- Apr 2024FDIC InternationalIndianapolis, INExtrication and EMS: Coordinating Team Delivery of Critical Care
- Feb 2024Invited teachingOnlineDocumentation and Trauma
- Jan 2024CPDmeOnline2024 Sepsis Research UpdateWebinar
- Jan 2024Connecticut Fire Department Instructors’ AssociationNew Britain, CTSuccession Planning; Debriefing for Real-World Learning
202337 sessions
- Dec 2023Ohio ConferenceDelaware, OHExtrication and EMS: Coordinating Team Delivery of Critical Care
- Nov 2023National Volunteer Fire Council, Volunteer Voices LiveOnlineEMS Scene Safe: Situational Awareness for Scene SafetyPanel
- Oct 2023EMS PROFoxwoods, Ledyard, CTDebriefing for Real-World Learning: It’s Not Just for Simulations AnymoreBen Franklin: His Lessons for 21st Century Emergency ServicesThe ABC’s of Geriatrics: A Focus on Fundamentals to Prevent Cardiac Arrest
- Sep 2023EMS World ExpoNew Orleans, LA60 Educator Tips in 60 Minutes: You Pick the Questions and We Give the AnswersBig Lessons from Big Incidents: First Person Accounts of MCI Fires, Plane Crashes, and Terrorist Incidents
- Sep 2023EMS World Expo / NAEMT Lighthouse Leadership ProgramNew Orleans, LALighthouse Leadership Program PanelPanel
- Sep 2023Invited teachingWatertown, NYOn the Job Situational Awareness: How to Work While Things Are Trying to Kill You: two sessions
- Sep 2023PA EMSOnlineTrauma Care
- Aug 2023Sepsis Alliance InstituteOnlinePrehospital Sepsis Care Research Update 2023Webinar
- Jul 2023Fire Engineering / FDIC Fire AcademyTeaneck, NJInstructional filming
- May 2023Vermont EMS EducatorsOnlineDelivering Competency-Based Education; Educator Tips
- Feb 2023Conference sessionPediatric Cardiac Arrest: What We Get Wrong. How We Can Do BetterM.I. Missing Cardiac Patients? The EMT’s Guide to Acute Coronary SyndromesTraumatic Arrest & Lazarus
- Apr 2023FDIC International / JEMS ConIndianapolis, INExtrication and EMS: Coordinating Team Delivery of Critical CareThe Top 10 Trauma Myths and Legends: Seeking the Science Beyond the Textbooks
- Apr 2023Interior Region EMS CouncilFairbanks, AKImproving EMS Stroke Care: New Models for Saving Patients’ LivesThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with CapnographyDon’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem StudentsGood Enough Is Not Good Enough
- Apr 2023Rhode Island ExpoRhode IslandImproving Cardiac Resuscitation Outcomes
- Mar 2023Hudson FireHudson, NHSeminar
- Mar 2023Clarkson University, Beacon InstituteBeacon, NYCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Scromiting and the Anti-Munchies
- Mar 2023Seven Mountains EMSState College, PAIt’s NOT Always Sepsis: A Common-Sense Approach for ALS and BLS ProvidersPediatric Cardiac Arrest: What We Get Wrong. How We Can Do BetterThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with CapnographyAdvanced Practices for Basic Ventilations: More Effective Uses for Fundamental ToolsBen Franklin: His Lessons for 21st Century Emergency ServicesKeynoteDelivering Competency-Based Education: Prepped for the Test, Ready for the Street
- Feb 2023Invited teachingOnlinePediatric Cardiac Arrest: What We Get Wrong. How We Can Do Better
- Feb 2023White Horse EMS EducationLancaster, PAPerspiration and Inspiration: You’ve Got to Love This JobKeynote
- Feb 2023SCEMSAOnlineDeveloping and Delivering Competency-Based Education: Prepped for the Test, Ready for the StreetWebinar
- Jan 2023Connecticut Fire Department Instructors’ AssociationNew Britain, CTDon’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem StudentsGood Enough Is Not Good Enough
- Jan 2023EMS1 / LexipolOnlineEvidence-Based Sepsis ManagementWebinar
202232 sessions
- Dec 2022JEMS / ESOOnlineExtrication and EMS: Coordinating Team Delivery of Critical CareWebinar
- Dec 2022Connecticut Fire Department Instructors’ AssociationOnlineIncorporating Critical Thinking into Everyday Education Programs
- Dec 2022WebinarOnlineWhat They Didn’t Teach You About AnaphylaxisWebinar
- Nov 2022CO ConferenceKeystone, COSuper Sick Kids: The Surprising Truth About Pediatric Septic ShockThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines: And How to Read Past Them for the Real StoryWhat They Didn’t Teach You About Anaphylaxis
- Oct 2022EMS PROFoxwoods, Ledyard, CTCatch Them and Keep Them: Recruiting and Retaining Top Employees and VolunteersInspiring Audiences: Deliver Your Classroom Message Effectively Every TimeEMS and TBI: Immediate Field Care for High-Impact Head InjuriesCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Scromiting and the Anti-MunchiesThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with Capnography
- Oct 2022Georgia EMS ConferenceJekyll Island, GAEducators Workshop: Inspiring Audiences; Hands-On Teamwork; Don’t Lose Your Cool; Top TipsWorkshopPerspiration and Inspiration: You’ve Got to Love This JobKeynoteStroke in the Very Young: Big Numbers for Little PeopleThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with Capnography
- Oct 2022North Country Virtual EMS ConferenceOnlineCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Scromiting and the Anti-Munchies
- Oct 2022EMS World ExpoOrlando, FL60 Educator Tips in 60 Minutes: Top Tips with No Time WastedBen Franklin: His Leadership Lessons for 21st Century Emergency ServicesThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with Capnography
- Sep 2022Rhode Island EMSIt’s NOT Always Sepsis: A Common-Sense Approach for ALS and BLS ProvidersThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines: And How to Read Past Them for the Real Story
- Aug 2022KEMSAMulvane, KSGood Enough Is Not Good EnoughKeynoteThe Most Important Vital Sign: 20 Things EMS Can Do with CapnographyThe Top 10 Trauma Myths and Legends: Seeking the Science Beyond the TextbooksThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines: And How to Read Past Them for the Real Story
- Aug 2022NAEMSE SymposiumLouisville, KYDeveloping and Delivering Competency-Based Education: Prepped for the Test, Ready for the StreetDebriefing for Real-World Learning: It’s Not Just for Simulations Anymore
- Apr 2022FDIC International / JEMS ConIndianapolis, INExtrication and EMS: Coordinating Critical Care
- Apr 2022Initial Assessment ConferenceLake Placid, NYIncident Management WorkshopWorkshopThe ABC’s of Geriatrics: A Focus on Fundamentals to Prevent Cardiac Arrest
- Mar 2022Vermont Healthcare and EMS Preparedness Virtual ConferenceOnlinePediatric Cardiac Arrest: What We Get Wrong. How We Can Do Better
- Feb 2022Park Valley, UtahOnlineSuper Sick Kids: The Surprising Truth About Pediatric Septic Shock
202129 sessions
- Nov 2021West ReddingRedding, CTPediatric EMS
- Oct 2021EMS PROFoxwoods, Ledyard, CTOn the Job Situational Awareness: How to Work While Things Are Trying to Kill YouWhat They Didn’t Teach You About AnaphylaxisDon’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem StudentsTraumatic Cardiac Events
- Oct 202129th North Country New Hampshire EMS ConferenceOnline
- Oct 2021EMS World ExpoAtlanta, GADon’t Lose Your Cool: Dealing with Problem StudentsThe ABC’s of Geriatrics: A Focus on Fundamentals to Prevent Cardiac ArrestGood Enough Is Not Good Enough: Demanding More of Yourself and Your Service
- Oct 2021Tri-State Emergency Responder ConferenceDubuque, IAWhat They RememberKeynote
- Sep 2021EHS 461OnlineEMS Systems RoundtablePanel
- Aug 2021EMS Today Virtual EventOnlineWhat They Didn’t Teach You About AnaphylaxisWebinarCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Scromiting and the Anti-MunchiesWebinar
- Aug 2021FDIC InternationalIndianapolis, INExtrication and EMS: Coordinating Delivery of Critical Care
- Jul 2021VintechLeading Multiple Generations
- Jun 2021Invited teachingData AnalysisPanel
- Jun 2021IAFC Fire-Rescue MedOnlineFire-Rescue Med presentation and live Q&A
- May 2021Initial Assessment ConferenceGlens Falls, NYCannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Scromiting and the Anti-Munchies30 Top Educator Tips in 30 Minutes or LessO2, Oh No! Proper BVM TechniqueCatch Them and Keep Them: Recruiting and Retaining Top Employees and VolunteersThe Beginner’s Guide to Making Meaning of Medical ResearchThe Steps to Successful Succession Planning: Preparing Others to Lead
- Apr 2021Fire EngineeringOnlineThe Cutting Edge: Extrication Evolutions and Patient Management TodayWebinar
- Mar 2021Seven Mountains EMS Council Virtual Con-Ed DayOnlineCommanding Critical Care for the Elderly: Rom’s Review of ResuscitationThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines: And How to Read Past Them for the Real Story
- Feb 2021NAEMSEOnlineSepsis: Teaching Clinical Critical ThinkingWebinar
- Feb 2021Conference sessionOnlineThe Top 10 Resuscitation Headlines: And How to Read Past Them for the Real Story
- Jan 2021Sepsis AllianceOnlineSepsis in the Time of COVID
Conference appearances, 2009 to 2020
121 conference and symposium appearances, 34 of them keynotes.
20201 appearance, 1 keynote
- EMS Today (FL)Keynote
201912 appearances, 5 keynotes
- WEMSA Winter Working Together Fire/EMS Closing (WI)Keynote
- Great Plains EMS Conference (SD)Keynote
- EMS Today (DC)
- Fire Department Instructors Conference International (IN)
- Lake Placid Initial Assessment (NY) EMS Conference
- EMS Pro Expo (CT)
- Missouri EMS Conference (MO)Keynote
- Great Plains Summit on Quality (KS)
- Kansas City HCA Midwest EMS Conference (KS)Keynote
- EMS World Expo (LA)
- Virginia EMS Conference
- WEMSA Fall Working Together Fire/EMS (WI)Keynote
201814 appearances, 3 keynotes
- Jones and Bartlett Publishing International / PSG Annual Meeting (MA)Keynote
- EMS Instructor System Meeting (WI)Keynote
- EMS Today (NC)
- UK Trauma Care Conference (Staffordshire, UK)
- Royal College of Emergency Medicine (Cardiff, UK) CPD Conference
- Fire Department Instructors Conference International (IN)
- Ocean City (MD) FD Executive Leadership Development & Clinical Education
- Lake Placid Initial Assessment (NY) EMS Conference
- EMS Pro Expo (CT)
- Tennessee EMS Association Educators ConferenceKeynote
- Sepsis: First Response Education Program Premiere (CA)
- NAEMSE Symposium (DC)
- EMS World Expo (TN)
- Medstock EMS Conference (NE)
201715 appearances, 6 keynotes
- Wisconsin Working Together Fire/EMS ConferenceKeynote
- EMS Today
- Southeastern Extrication School (SC)Keynote
- Maryland Fire Rescue Institute Professional Development SymposiumKeynote
- Fire Department Instructors Conference International
- IAFC Fire-Rescue Med
- Connecticut EMS Expo
- New York State FIRE Conference
- Louisiana Association of Nationally Registered EMTs ConferenceKeynote
- Missouri EMS ConferenceKeynote
- Oklahoma University Medical Center Pediatric ConferenceKeynote
- Pulse Check (NY) EMS Conference
- Ithaca NY Emergency Stroke Care Symposium
- Firehouse Expo
- Royal College of Emergency Medicine 50th Anniversary Symposium (Cardiff, UK): Critical Communications: Effective Patient Care Hand-over
201610 appearances, 3 keynotes
- Wisconsin Working Together Fire/EMS ConferenceKeynote
- Society of Michigan EMS Instructor Coordinators Conference
- Orange County Front Lines Conference
- Fire Department Instructors Conference International
- New York State FIRE Conference
- National Fire Academy Executive Fire Officer Symposium
- Delaware Firefighters ConferenceKeynote
- Pulse Check (NY) EMS Conference
- EMS World Expo
- Kansas EMS SymposiumKeynote
20159 appearances, 3 keynotes
- EMS Leaders in Kentucky Summit
- North Dakota EMS Conference
- Northeastern Cerebrovascular ConsortiumKeynote
- Fire Department Instructors Conference International
- New Mexico Region III EMS ConferenceKeynote
- Nebraska EMS Conference
- Royal College of Emergency Medicine (Manchester, UK)
- Minnesota Trauma TacticsKeynote
- Rhode Island Trauma Conference
201416 appearances, 5 keynotes
- Northern Alabama Chiefs AssociationKeynote
- Wisconsin Working Together Fire/EMS Conference
- EMS Today
- Fire Department Instructors Conference International
- Colorado Northwest RETAC SymposiumKeynote
- HealthONE EMS Conference (CO)
- New York State FIRE Conference
- Fire Rescue International
- Mountain Lakes NY Initial Assessment Conference
- National Association of EMS Educators (DC)Keynote
- Pulse Check (NY) EMS Conference
- North Carolina EMS ConferenceKeynote
- Fire Shows Reno, NV
- Virginia EMS Conference
- EMS World Expo (NV)
- Maryland Fire Rescue InstituteKeynote
201317 appearances, 3 keynotes
- Wisconsin Working Together Fire/EMS Conference
- Delaware Shore EMS ConferenceKeynote
- South Carolina Extrication Symposium
- IAFC Connecticut Fire Chiefs Conference
- Connecticut EMS Conference
- Orange County NY Front Lines Conference
- Fire Department Instructors Conference International
- IAFC Fire Rescue Med
- New York State FIRE Conference
- National Association of EMS EducatorsKeynote
- Fire Rescue International
- EMS World Expo
- Pulse Check (NY) EMS Conference
- Vermont EMS Conference
- Virginia EMS Conference
- Maryland Fire Rescue InstituteKeynote
- Texas EMS Conference
201213 appearances, 2 keynotes
- EMS Today
- Connecticut EMS Conference
- Arkansas EMS Conference
- New Mexico Region III EMS ConferenceKeynote
- EMS Web Summit
- Fire Rescue International
- Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs Conference
- Pulse Check (NY) EMS Conference
- Massachusetts EMS ConferenceKeynote
- Vermont EMS Conference
- Virginia EMS Conference
- IAFC Volunteer and Combination Officers Symposium
- Texas EMS Conference
20117 appearances
- Connecticut EMS Conference
- New Mexico Region III EMS Conference
- Indiana Emergency Response Conference
- Fire Rescue International
- EMS World Expo
- Pulse Check (NY) EMS Conference
- Texas EMS Conference
20105 appearances, 2 keynotes
- Connecticut EMS Conference
- Canadian Association of Fire Chiefs ConferenceKeynote
- Pulse Check (NY) EMS Conference
- Texas EMS Conference
- Danbury Hospital EMS SymposiumKeynote
20092 appearances, 1 keynote
- Connecticut EMS Conference
- Danbury Hospital EMS SymposiumKeynote
Independent services. The education, speaking, writing, and consulting described on this site are Rommie L. Duckworth’s own professional work, provided personally or through the New England Center for Rescue & Emergency Medicine, LLC. They are separate and distinct from his municipal position and from his work for any other employer, company, association, board, or publisher. They are not offered by, for, or on behalf of the Town of Ridgefield, Connecticut, the Ridgefield Fire Department, or any other organization named here. No NECREM work is done on Town time or with Town equipment, vehicles, or staff. Titles, affiliations, and photos in uniform describe professional background only, and views expressed are his own. Naming an organization does not indicate its endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation.